Niobium 41

Atomic No. Order:

Alphabetic Order:

Periodic Table

V
23

Nb
41

Ta
73

Db
105

Upp
155

Bnp
205

Niobium

Symbol

Atomic Number

Relative Atomic Mass
¹²C = 12.0000

92.906 38 (±2) [Since 1985]

Atomic Radius pm

143

First Ionisation Energy
kJ mol ^-1

664

Ionisation Energy (eV)

6.7589

Electronegativity

1.6

Density
kg m ^-3

8570 [293 K]
7830 [l., m.p.]

Molar Volume cm ³

10.84

Thermal Conductivity
W m ^-1 K ^-1

53.7 [300 K]

Melting Point K

2741

Boiling Point K

5015

Number of Isotopes

Isotope Atomic mass/u Mole fraction

93Nb 92.906 3762(24) 1.0000

Inner + outer Shells

Inner + outer Orbitals

Rule

Algorythm of Software

2, 8, 18,

12, 1

2, 8, 18,

11, 2

Filling Orbital

4d ⁴

4d ³

Ground State Electron Configuration

[Kr]

4d ⁴

5s ¹

[Kr]

4d ³

5s ²

Ground State Electron Configuration with free Orbitals (n=13)

0, 0, 0, 6, 7

0, 0, 0, 7, 6

Ground State Electron Configuration with compressed Orbitals (n=56)

0, 0, 0, 14, 42

Singularity

110

	s	p	d		f	g	h	i	j
1	2
2	2	6
3	2	6	10
4	2	6	3	7	14
5	2	6	10		14	18
6
7
8

Term Symbol

⁶D _1/2

Discovery

Niobium was discovered in a black mineral from America called columbite by the British chemist and manufacturer Charles Hatchett (London, England) in 1801 and he called the element columbium. In 1809, the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston claimed that columbium and tantalum were identical. Forty years later, the German chemist and pharmacist, Heinrich Rose, determined that they were two different elements in 1846 and gave the name niobium because it was so difficult to distinguish it from tantalum. Finally, in 1866, the Swiss chemist Jean-Charles Galissard de Marignac separated these elements. The name columbium continued to be used in America and niobium in Europe until IUPAC adopted the name niobium in 1949. Niobium was first isolated by the chemist C. W. Blomstrand in 1846.

Name Derived From

The name derives from the Greek mythological character Niobe, who was the daughter of Tantalus (see the element tantalum), because the elements niobium and tantalum were originally thought to be identical elements.

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