Rutherfordium 104

Atomic No. Order:

Alphabetic Order:

Periodic Table

2, 8, 18, 32,

32, 10, 2

Ernest Rutherford

Ti
22

Zr
40

Hf
72

Rf
104

Upq
154

Bnq
204

Rutherfordium

Symbol

Atomic Number

104

Relative Atomic Mass
¹²C = 12.0000

[ 267 ]
267.1215

Significant Atomic Mass

266
Neutrons 162

Atomic Radius pm

150 (est.)

First Ionisation Energy
kJ mol ^-1

490 (est.)

Ionisation Energy (eV)

6.0 ?

Electronegativity

Density kg m ^-3

23000 (est.)

Molar Volume cm ³

Thermal Conductivity
W m ^-1 K ^-1

Melting Point K

2400 (est.)

Boiling Point K

5800 (est.)

Number of Isotopes

255 Rf 1.6 s
256 Rf 6.4 ms
257 Rf 4.7 s
258 Rf 12 ms
259 Rf 3.3 s
260 Rf 21 ms
261 Rf 65 s
262 Rf 1.2 s
263 Rf 10 min
267 Rf 1.3 h / (min) ?
268 Rf ?

Inner + outer Shells

Inner + outer Orbitals

104

Filling Orbital

6d ²

Ground State Electron Configuration

[Rn]

5f ¹⁴

6d ²

7s ²

Ground State Electron Configuration with
free Orbitals (n= 14 )

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 6

Ground State Electron Configuration with compressed Orbitals (n= 162 )

0, 0, 0, 0, 18, 54, 90

Singularity

280

162

	s	p	d		f	g	h	i	j
1	2
2	2	6
3	2	6	10
4	2	6	10		14
5	2	6	10		14	18
6	2	6	2	8	14	18	22
7	2	6	10		14	18	22	26
8

Term Symbol

³F ₂

CAS Reg-ID:

53850-36-5

Discovery

²⁶⁰Rf discovered by a group of scientists (Dubna, Russia) in 1964.

²²₁₀Ne + ²⁴²₉₄Pu → ²⁶⁰₁₀₄Rf + 4 ¹₀n

²⁶¹Rf was discovered by a Berkeley group of scientists (Ghiorso, Nurmia, Haris, Eskola) in 1969, USA.

¹²₆C + ²⁴⁹₉₈Cf → ²⁶¹₁₀₄Rf

¹²₆C + ²⁴⁹₉₈Cf → ²⁵⁷₁₀₄Rf + 4 ¹₀n

The name preferred by the Russians was
"kurchatovium"

Element 104 was first named after Igor Kurchatov who was father of the Russian atomic bomb, and this was one reason the name was objectionable to the Americans.

Finally in 1997, the name was agreed to Rutherfordium [Rf]

Obsolete Names

Unnilquadium [Unq]
Kurchatovium, [Ku]
eka-hafnium

Name derived from

Named after the British physicist Ernest, Baron Rutherford( b. Aug. 30, 1871, Spring Grove, N.Z.
d. Oct. 19, 1937, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, Eng. )
British physicist who laid the groundwork for the development of nuclear physics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1908.

Rutherford contributed substantially to the understanding of the disintegration and transmutation of the radioactive elements, discovered and named the particles expelled from radium, identified the alpha particle as a helium atom and with its aid evolved the nuclear theory of atomic structure, and used that particle to produce the first artificial disintegration of elements. Rutherford was the principal founder of the field of atomic physics. In the universities of McGill, Manchester, and Cambridge he led and inspired two generations of physicists who--to use his own words--"turned out the facts of Nature," and in the Cavendish Laboratory his "boys" discovered the neutron and artificial disintegration by accelerated particles.

APSIDIUM	Created:		2002-09-01		104.pdf
	Page update:		2006-11-05		104.pdf