Compression of inner-orbitals Neptunium

Compression of inner-orbitals/shells at the example of Neptunium

How do I know, whether an any shell is filled quite completely?

The answer is, if electrons reaches the formula-value.	*B(n)= n ^ 2 2**

Example:			Neptunium 93
Shell 1	K	B(1)= 2	Yes	(2)
Shell 2	L	B(2)= 8	Yes	(8)
Shell 3	M	B(4)= 18	Yes	(18)
Shell 4	N	B(4)= 32	Yes	(32)
Shell 5	O	B(5)= 50	No	(23)
Shell 6	P	B(6)= 72	No	(8)
Shell 7	Q	B(7)= 98	No	(2)

That means for the Neptunium atom that shell 1-4 are completely filled and shell 5-7 are not.


Why is this differentiation important?		inner area yellow (60)e outer area red (93-60=33)e

So you can subdivide the atom-cover into two areas.

inner area	outer area
shell 1-4 (Example of Neptunium)	shell 5-7
inner orbitals	outer orbitals
static, closed	dynamic, open
no change of electrons possible	electrons changes into other orbitals
Compression	Decompression
Dirac sea	Holes theory physics
Singularity Algorithm S(n)	Inert-gas algorithm E(n)
Shells and Orbitals completely filled	Shells and Orbitals not completely filled ( free and compressed Orbitals)
maximum freight-density	chemical physically characteristics
all shells together forms one ball-area	higher ball-functions
...	...


Rule:	If there are more outer shells the freight-pressure becomes higher on the inner shells.
	That is the reason why is spoken by compressed inner orbitals/shells.

What about the Singularity Algorithm S(n) ?

The answer is, if electrons reaches the formula-value.	S(n)= S(n-1) +B(n)


Example: Neptunium	last B(n) = 4	S(4)= S(3) +B(4)	60

That means for the Neptunium that all inner shells (1-4) together forms one ball with 60 electrons.
All internal shells are closed and fully occupied. There are no free orbitals inside.
The electrons are fixed and can not change into other orbitals.

This is the area in the yellow triangle.

		Red arrow Singularity Algorithm S(n) Green arrow Inert-gas Algorithm E(n)

APSIDIUM ©	Created:	2001-01-10	compress.pdf
	Last Updated:	2003-02-15	compress.pdf